孔門十哲 – 言偃 – Eng

孔門十哲 The Ten Disciples of Confucius

言偃 YanYan

言偃（前506年－前443年），字子遊，亦稱言遊，又稱叔氏，春秋末吳國（籍貫在今江蘇省蘇州市常熟市）人，，尊稱言子，唐開元封「吳侯」，宋封「丹陽公」，後又稱「吳公」。
Yan Yan (506 BC – 443 BC), also known as Zi You or Shu Shi, was a native of Wu State in the late Spring and Autumn period (his hometown was in Changshu, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province). He was also referred to as Yan Zi and was bestowed the title of “Wu Hou” during the Tang Dynasty and “Danyang Gong” during the Song Dynasty. Later, he was also referred to as “Wu Gong”.

子遊和子夏同列孔門十哲的文學科，且精通禮樂，能行禮樂之教。子遊少了孔子四十五歲，曾任魯國武城宰，用禮樂教育士民，境內到處有弦歌之聲，孔子對此表示贊賞——孔子曾說：「君子學道則愛人，小人學道則易使。」。子遊是孔子七十二弟子中唯一南方人，後學成南歸，道啟東南，被譽為「南方夫子」。Zi You and Zi Xia were both members of the literary discipline of the Ten Virtuous Ones of the Confucian school, and they were proficient in ritual and music, and could teach the principles of ritual and music. Zi You was 45 years younger than Confucius, and had served as the commandant of Wu Cheng (Wu City) in the State of Lu, where he used ritual and music to educate the people. The sound of music was heard everywhere in the region, and Confucius praised this achievement, saying, “When a gentleman pursues the Way, he loves others; when a small man pursues the Way, he harms others.” Zi You was the only southerner among the seventy-two disciples of Confucius, and after completing his studies, he returned to the south, where he spread the teachings of the Way and was revered as the “Master of the South(南方夫子).”

言偃

言偃（前506年－前443年），字子遊，亦稱言遊，又稱叔氏，春秋末吳國（籍貫在今江蘇省蘇州市常熟市）人，，尊稱言子，唐開元封「吳侯」，宋封「丹陽公」，後又稱「吳公」。

子遊和子夏同列孔門十哲的文學科，且精通禮樂，能行禮樂之教。子遊少了孔子四十五歲，曾任魯國武城宰，用禮樂教育士民，境內到處有弦歌之聲，孔子對此表示贊賞——孔子曾說：「君子學道則愛人，小人學道則易使。」。子遊是孔子七十二弟子中唯一南方人，後學成南歸，道啟東南，被譽為「南方夫子」。

論語中之子遊 Zi You in the Analects.

《論語·陽貨》：子之武城，聞弦歌聲。夫子莞爾而笑曰：「割雞焉用牛刀。」子遊對曰：「昔者偃也聞諸夫子曰：君子學道則愛人，小人學道則易使也。」子曰：「二三子，偃之言是也。前言戲之耳。」（陽貨）孔子的說法一方面是惋惜子遊大材小用，一方面是對子遊能行禮樂表示欣慰。
In “Analects of Confucius – Yang Huo”, it is recorded that when Confucius arrived in Wu Cheng, he heard the sound of music and singing. Confucius smiled and said, “Why use a butcher’s knife to kill a chicken?” Zi You replied, “I remember my teacher saying, ‘When a gentleman pursues the Way, he loves others; when a small man pursues the Way, he harms others.'” Confucius said, “Students, Yan Yan’s words are correct. My previous words were just a joke.” Confucius was both regretful that Zi You was not given a more important role and pleased that he was skilled in music and ritual.
《論語·為政》：子遊問孝。子曰：「今之孝者，是謂能養，至於犬馬，皆能有養；不敬，何以別乎？」語譯：子遊向孔子請問孝道。孔子回答說：「現在一般所謂的孝順父母，認為只要做到養活父母，就算是盡孝了。如此說來，人飼養犬馬等動物時，也一樣供給它們食物，如果不以恭敬之心侍奉父母，那和養動物又有何區別呢？」
In the “Analects of Confucius, Wei Zheng”, Zi You asked about filial piety. Confucius replied, “What is now called filial piety merely means being able to support one’s parents. But even dogs and horses are cared for, so if there is no respect and obedience to parents, what difference is there between caring for them and caring for animals?”
孔子論孝重在一個「敬」字，養而能敬，才算合了孝的內外之道於一體。
Confucius emphasized the importance of the character “敬” (jìng) in filial piety. Only by both nurturing and respecting one’s parents can one fulfill both the external and internal aspects of filial piety.

「大同」說 The "Great Unity" theory

對中國政治文化有深遠影響的「大同」說，即源於《禮記禮運》中孔子與子遊的一段對話，後世稱為《禮運大同篇》。新儒家宗師熊十力在其著作《原儒》、《乾坤衍》中據此認為子遊獨得孔子政治哲學的真傳。
The “Great Unity” theory, which has had a profound impact on Chinese political culture, originated from a conversation between Confucius and his disciple Zi You in the “Book of Rites – The Conveyance of Rites,” later known as the “Great Unity Chapter.” According to Xiong Shili, a neo-Confucian master, in his works “Yuanru” and “Qiankun Yan,” this conversation allowed Zi You to inherit the authentic teachings of Confucius’ political philosophy.