孔門十哲 – 曾参 – Eng

孔門十哲 曾參 Zeng Zi 曾參shēn(前505年-前432年),字子輿,春秋末期魯國南武城(山東平邑縣)人,儒家主要代表人物之一,孔子的弟子,而子思便曾是他的門人,世稱「曾子」,有宗聖之稱。曾提出「吾日三省吾身」的修養方法,將孔子提出的「吾道一以貫之」歸納為「忠恕」。相傳其著述有《大學》、《孝經》等儒家經典。同時,他亦為《二十四孝》中「嚙指痛心」的主角。平邑存曾點、曾參兩父子墓,曾姓後裔均把曾參作為自己的開派祖。Zeng Shen (505 BC - 432 BC), courtesy name Ziyu, was a native of Nanwu City, Lu State (present-day Pingyi County, Shandong Province) during the late…

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孔夫子 – Eng

大成至聖先師孔老夫子 Great Accomplishment, Holy and Exalted Teacher, Kong the Elder (Confucius) 孔丘(前551年9月28日-前479年4月11日),子姓,孔氏,名丘,字仲尼,後代敬稱孔子或孔夫子,生於魯國陬zōu邑,祖先為宋國貴族,即殷商遺族後代,東周春秋末期魯國的教育家與哲學家,曾在魯國擔任官府要職,離開魯國後周遊列國十四年,最終魯哀公將其迎回魯國,賜封國老,稱「尼父」。孔子隨後開始編修《春秋》一書,是以無天子之名而行天子之事,號稱「素王」。孔子為儒家創始人兼主要代表人物,在儒家四大聖人之中被奉為「至聖」,其地位為儒家聖賢之中最高者。倡導仁義禮智信,以其言為主的言論匯編《論語》為儒家重要經典之一,其思想對鄰近地區,如:朝鮮半島、琉球、日本、越南、東南亞以及海外華人分布圈等地區皆有深遠影響,此等地區也被稱為儒家文化圈。Kong Qiu (September 28, 551 BC – April 11, 479 BC), with the courtesy name Zhongni and the honorific…

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孔門十哲 – 子夏 – Eng

孔門十哲 子夏 Zixia 卜商(前507年-?),姒姓,蔔氏,字子夏。晉國貴族之後,但到他這一代已家道中落。家貧,勤奮好學,是孔子的重要弟子,少孔子四十四歲,與子遊同列孔門十哲的文學科,長於文學,對《詩經》有深入的研究。曾在魏國西河(今陜西渭南)創辦學堂並授業,魏文侯曾向子夏問問題。李克、吳起、西門豹都是他的學生,一般認為傳授《公羊傳》的公羊高、《穀梁傳》的穀梁子,也是子夏一派的門人。Bu Shang, also known as Zixia, was a descendant of the aristocracy of the state of Jin, but his family had fallen on hard times by his…

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孔門十哲 – 言偃 – Eng

孔門十哲 The Ten Disciples of Confucius 言偃 YanYan 言偃(前506年-前443年),字子遊,亦稱言遊,又稱叔氏,春秋末吳國(籍貫在今江蘇省蘇州市常熟市)人,,尊稱言子,唐開元封「吳侯」,宋封「丹陽公」,後又稱「吳公」。Yan Yan (506 BC - 443 BC), also known as Zi You or Shu Shi, was a native of Wu State in…

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孔門十哲 – 子路 – Eng

孔門十哲 The Ten Disciples of Confucius 子路 Zi Lu 仲由(前542年-前480年),字子路,或稱季路,魯國卞人,是孔子的著名弟子,孔門十哲之一,亦為《二十四孝》中為親負米的主角。少孔子九歲,也是弟子中侍奉孔子最久者。子路後來追隨衛國大夫孔悝,在衛後莊公發動的兵變中,子路為了救孔悝而殉職,其遺體被衛後莊公施以醢刑(剁成肉醬)。Zhongyou (542 BC – 480 BC), also known as Zilu or Jilu, was a renowned disciple of Confucius and one of…

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孔門十哲 – 冉求 – Eng

孔門十哲 The Ten Disciples of Confucius 冉求 Ran Qiu 冉求(前522年-?),名求,字子有,亦稱冉有,東周春秋時代魯國(今山東曲阜)人。孔子弟子,少孔子二十九歲。與冉伯牛、冉仲弓同族。冉有多才多藝、性格謙遜、長於政事。政治能力較強,名列「孔門十哲」之政事科。Ran Qiu (522 BC - ?), also known as Ziyou and Ran You, hailed from the State of Lu, located in…

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孔門十哲 – 子貢 – Eng

孔門十哲 The Ten Disciples of Confucius 子貢 Zi Gong 端木賜(前520年-前446年),復姓端木,春秋末年衛國人,字子貢(古同子贛)。孔子的得意門生,孔門十哲之一,「受業身通」的弟子之一,少孔子三十一歲。孔子曾稱其為「瑚璉之器」,在孔門十哲中以言語聞名。萬仞宮墻典故,出自子貢稱贊孔夫子之學問高深。Duanmu Ci, also known as Zigong, was born in 520 BC and died in 446 BC. He hailed from the state…

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孔門十哲 – 宰予 – Eng

孔門十哲 The Ten Disciples of Confucius 宰予 Zai Yu 宰予,宰姓,名予,字子我,又名予我、宰我,春秋時代魯國人,孔子弟子,為孔門十哲之一,擅長說話。曾因白天睡覺,被孔子訓斥:「朽木不可雕也。」Zai Yu, also known as Ziwo or Yuwo, was one of the Ten Disciples of Confucius and a skilled orator from…

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孔門十哲 – 冉雍 – Eng

孔門十哲 The Ten Disciples of Confucius 冉雍 Ran Yong 冉雍(前522年-?),字仲弓,春秋末年魯國(今山東曲阜)人。生於魯昭公二十年。孔子弟子,孔門十哲之一,少孔子二十九歲。唐贈薛侯,宋封下邳公,改封薛公。有人認為,仲弓是荀子推崇的儒家學者子弓。Ran Yong (522 BC - ?), also known as Zhonggong, was born in the State of Lu during the late Spring…

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孔門十哲 – 冉耕 – Eng

孔門十哲 The Ten Disciples of Confucius 冉耕 Ran Geng 冉耕(前544年-?),冉氏,字伯牛。中國春秋時代末魯國人,是孔子的學生,孔門十哲之一,曾任魯國的中都宰,孔子很器重他。伯牛患病早逝,孔子十分難過。Ran Geng (before 544 BC - ?), also known as Boniu, was a native of the State of Lu during the…

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